All Stressed Out

All Stressed Out: Mycobacterial Responses to Stress

Infection of a host by a pathogenic microorganism requires the resistance of the colonizing microbe to a variety of stressors. These stressors can be produced by the host’s immune system in an effort to thwart the invading microbe’s attempt to grow in a host environment. Stresses can be in the form of acidic, oxidative, nitrositive, and low oxygen tension (Fig 1b). Additional stresses can come ...

Cortisol, serotonin and depression: all stressed out?

Stressed out and asthmatic

On page 157, Sarmento and colleagues show how the developmental regulator protein Notch1 advances the cell cycle. Activation of Notch1 induced the production of a protein that chops up cell cycle inhibitors, leading to a shortened G1 phase and a faster transition into S phase (but no overall increase in proliferation). The Notch family of transmembrane receptors regulates both cell fate decisio...

Stressed-out podocytes in diabetes?

Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of ESRD in the United States.1 Although current strategies can slow disease progression,2,3 development of renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy is a distressingly common outcome in patients with diabetes.1 As a result, much effort has been devoted to understanding the mechanisms that promote glomerular damage in diabetic kidney disease ...

Avoiding Stressed-Out Steam Turbines

assembly, Pro/ENGINEER CAD geometry was imported into ANSYS Mechanical software and meshed using SOLID185 elements. Frictionless surface-tosurface contact pairs with augmented Lagrangian algorithms were created between mating surfaces. A matching node pattern was maintained at the root and slot pressure faces, where load transfers take place between the two components. As an in-house design pra...